B: Matter, Chemical Trends, and Chemical Bonding

B.2: investigate physical and chemical properties of elements and compounds, and use various methods to visually represent them;

B.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to chemical trends and chemical bonding, including, but not limited to: atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity

Charge Launcher
Covalent Bonds
Electron Configuration
Ionic Bonds

B.2.2: analyse data related to the properties of elements within a period (e.g., ionization energy, atomic radius) to identify general trends in the periodic table

Electron Configuration
Element Builder

B.2.5: predict the nature of a bond (e.g., non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic), using electronegativity values of atoms

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

B.2.6: build molecular models, and write structural formulae, for molecular compounds containing single and multiple bonds (e.g., CO2, H2O, C2H4), and for ionic crystalline structures (e.g., NaCl)

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds

B.2.7: write chemical formulae of binary and polyatomic compounds, including those with multiple valences, and name the compounds using the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature system

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds
Stoichiometry

B.3: demonstrate an understanding of periodic trends in the periodic table and how elements combine to form chemical bonds.

B.3.1: explain the relationship between the atomic number and the mass number of an element, and the difference between isotopes and radioisotopes of an element

Electron Configuration
Element Builder
Nuclear Decay

B.3.2: explain the relationship between isotopic abundance of an element?s isotopes and the relative atomic mass of the element

Element Builder
Nuclear Decay

B.3.3: state the periodic law, and explain how patterns in the electron arrangement and forces in atoms result in periodic trends (e.g., in atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity) in the periodic table

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Electron Configuration
Element Builder
Ionic Bonds

B.3.4: explain the differences between the formation of ionic bonds and the formation of covalent bonds

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds

C: Chemical Reactions

C.2: investigate different types of chemical reactions;

C.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to chemical reactions, including, but not limited to: neutralization, precipitate, acidic, and basic

Limiting Reactants

C.2.2: write balanced chemical equations to represent synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion reactions, using the IUPAC nomenclature system

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing
Dehydration Synthesis

C.2.3: investigate synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement reactions, by testing the products of each reaction (e.g., test for products such as gases, the presence of an acid, or the presence of a base)

Balancing Chemical Equations
Dehydration Synthesis

C.2.4: predict the products of different types of synthesis and decomposition reactions (e.g., synthesis reactions in which simple compounds are formed; synthesis reactions of metallic or non-metallic oxides with water; decomposition reactions, in which a chemical compound is separated into several compounds)

Balancing Chemical Equations
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds

C.2.5: predict the products of single displacement reactions, using the metal activity series and the halogen series

Balancing Chemical Equations

C.2.6: predict the products of double displacement reactions (e.g., the formation of precipitates or gases; neutralization)

Balancing Chemical Equations

C.2.8: plan and conduct an inquiry to compare the properties of non-metal oxide solutions and metal oxide solutions (e.g., carbon dioxide reacts with water to make water acidic; magnesium oxide reacts with water to make water basic)

Electron Configuration
Element Builder
Ionic Bonds

C.2.10: plan and conduct an inquiry to demonstrate a single displacement reaction, using elements from the metal activity series

Balancing Chemical Equations
Element Builder

C.3: demonstrate an understanding of the different types of chemical reactions.

C.3.1: identify various types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion

Balancing Chemical Equations
Dehydration Synthesis

C.3.3: explain the chemical reactions that result in the formation of acids and bases from metal oxides and non-metal oxides (e.g., calcium oxide reacts with water to produce a basic solution; carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce an acidic solution)

Electron Configuration
Ionic Bonds
pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

D: Quantities in Chemical Reactions

D.1: analyse processes in the home, the workplace, and the environmental sector that use chemical quantities and calculations, and assess the importance of quantitative accuracy in industrial chemical processes;

D.1.1: analyse processes in the home, the workplace, and the environmental sector that involve the use of chemical quantities and calculations (e.g., mixing household cleaning solutions, calculating chemotherapy doses, monitoring pollen counts)

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds

D.2: investigate quantitative relationships in chemical reactions, and solve related problems;

D.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to quantities in chemical reactions, including, but not limited to: stoichiometry, percentage yield, limiting reagent, mole, and atomic mass

Limiting Reactants
Stoichiometry

D.2.2: conduct an inquiry to calculate the percentage composition of a compound (e.g., a hydrate)

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds

D.2.3: solve problems related to quantities in chemical reactions by performing calculations involving quantities in moles, number of particles, and atomic mass

Limiting Reactants
Stoichiometry

D.2.4: determine the empirical formulae and molecular formulae of various chemical compounds, given molar masses and percentage composition or mass data

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds
Stoichiometry

D.2.5: calculate the corresponding mass, or quantity in moles or molecules, for any given reactant or product in a balanced chemical equation as well as for any other reactant or product in the chemical reaction

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds
Stoichiometry

D.2.6: solve problems related to quantities in chemical reactions by performing calculations involving percentage yield and limiting reagents

Limiting Reactants

D.2.7: conduct an inquiry to determine the actual yield, theoretical yield, and percentage yield of the products of a chemical reaction (e.g., a chemical reaction between steel wool and copper(II) sulfate solution), assess the effectiveness of the procedure, and suggest sources of experimental error

Limiting Reactants

D.3: demonstrate an understanding of the mole concept and its significance to the quantitative analysis of chemical reactions.

D.3.1: explain the law of definite proportions

Stoichiometry

D.3.2: describe the relationships between Avogadro?s number, the mole concept, and the molar mass of any given substance

Stoichiometry

D.3.3: explain the relationship between the empirical formula and the molecular formula of a chemical compound

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds
Stoichiometry

D.3.4: explain the quantitative relationships expressed in a balanced chemical equation, using appropriate units of measure (e.g., moles, grams, atoms, ions, molecules)

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing
Stoichiometry

E: Solutions and Solubility

E.1: analyse the origins and effects of water pollution, and a variety of economic, social, and environmental issues related to drinking water;

E.1.1: analyse the origins and cumulative effects of pollutants that enter our water systems (e.g., landfill leachates, agricultural run-off, industrial effluents, chemical spills), and explain how these pollutants affect water quality

Water Pollution

E.2: investigate qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions, and solve related problems;

E.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to aqueous solutions and solubility, including, but not limited to: concentration, solubility, precipitate, ionization, dissociation, pH, dilute, solute, and solvent

Colligative Properties
Solubility and Temperature
pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

E.2.2: solve problems related to the concentration of solutions by performing calculations involving moles, and express the results in various units (e.g., moles per litre, grams per 100 mL, parts per million or parts per billion, mass, volume per cent)

Colligative Properties
Density Laboratory

E.2.3: prepare solutions of a given concentration by dissolving a solid solute in a solvent or by diluting a concentrated solution

Colligative Properties
Freezing Point of Salt Water

E.2.4: conduct an investigation to analyse qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions (e.g., perform a qualitative analysis of ions in a solution)

Colligative Properties
Solubility and Temperature

E.2.5: write balanced net ionic equations to represent precipitation and neutralization reactions

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing

E.2.6: use stoichiometry to solve problems involving solutions and solubility

Solubility and Temperature

E.2.8: conduct an investigation to determine the concentrations of pollutants in their local treated drinking water, and compare the results to commonly used guidelines and standards (e.g., provincial and federal standards)

Colligative Properties

E.3: demonstrate an understanding of qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions.

E.3.2: explain the process of formation for solutions that are produced by dissolving ionic and molecular compounds (e.g., salt, oxygen) in water, and for solutions that are produced by dissolving non-polar solutes in non-polar solvents (e.g., grease in vegetable oil)

Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds
Pond Ecosystem

E.3.3: explain the effects of changes in temperature and pressure on the solubility of solids, liquids, and gases (e.g., explain how a change in temperature or atmospheric pressure affects the solubility of oxygen in lake water)

Phase Changes
Relative Humidity
Solubility and Temperature

E.3.4: identify, using a solubility table, the formation of precipitates in aqueous solutions (e.g., the use of iron or aluminum compounds to precipitate and remove phosphorus from wastewater)

Solubility and Temperature

E.3.5: explain the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases

pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

E.3.6: explain the difference between strong and weak acids, and between strong and weak bases, in terms of degree of ionization

pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

F: Gases and Atmospheric Chemistry

F.2: investigate gas laws that explain the behaviour of gases, and solve related problems;

F.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to gases and atmospheric chemistry, including, but not limited to: standard temperature, standard pressure, molar volume, and ideal gas

Boyle's Law and Charles' Law

F.2.2: determine, through inquiry, the quantitative and graphical relationships between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas

Boyle's Law and Charles' Law

F.2.3: solve quantitative problems by performing calculations based on Boyle?s law, Charles?s law, Gay-Lussac?s law, the combined gas law, Dalton?s law of partial pressures, and the ideal gas law

Boyle's Law and Charles' Law

F.2.4: use stoichiometry to solve problems related to chemical reactions involving gases (e.g., problems involving moles, number of atoms, number of molecules, mass, and volume)

Balancing Chemical Equations
Boyle's Law and Charles' Law
Chemical Equation Balancing
Limiting Reactants
Stoichiometry

F.2.5: determine, through inquiry, the molar volume or molar mass of a gas produced by a chemical reaction (e.g., the molar volume of hydrogen gas from the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid)

Stoichiometry

F.3: demonstrate an understanding of the laws that explain the behaviour of gases.

F.3.2: describe the different states of matter, and explain their differences in terms of the forces between atoms, molecules, and ions

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds
Limiting Reactants
Phase Changes

F.3.3: use the kinetic molecular theory to explain the properties and behaviour of gases in terms of types and degrees of molecular motion

Boyle's Law and Charles' Law
Phase Changes
Temperature and Particle Motion

F.3.4: describe, for an ideal gas, the quantitative relationships that exist between the variables of pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of substance

Boyle's Law and Charles' Law

F.3.5: explain Dalton?s law of partial pressures, Boyle?s law, Charles?s law, Gay-Lussac?s law, the combined gas law, and the ideal gas law

Boyle's Law and Charles' Law

F.3.6: explain Avogadro?s hypothesis and how his contribution to the gas laws has increased our understanding of the chemical reactions of gases

Stoichiometry

Correlation last revised: 8/18/2015

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