Ontario Curriculum
2.1.1: solve problems involving proportional reasoning;
Beam to Moon (Ratios and Proportions)
Estimating Population Size
2.1.2: simplify numerical and polynomial expressions in one variable, and solve simple first-degree equations.
Addition of Polynomials - Activity A
Simplifying Radicals - Activity A
2.2.1: illustrate equivalent ratios, using a variety of tools (e.g., concrete materials, diagrams, dynamic geometry software) (e.g., show that 4:6 represents the same ratio as 2:3 by showing that a ramp with a height of 4 m and a base of 6 m and a ramp with a height of 2 m and a base of 3 m are equally steep);
Part:Part and Part:Whole Ratios
Polling: Neighborhood
2.2.2: represent, using equivalent ratios and proportions, directly proportional relationships arising from realistic situations (Sample problem:You are building a skateboard ramp whose ratio of height to base must be 2:3.Write a proportion that could be used to determine the base if the height is 4.5 m.);
Beam to Moon (Ratios and Proportions)
Estimating Population Size
Part:Part and Part:Whole Ratios
Polling: Neighborhood
2.2.3: solve for the unknown value in a proportion, using a variety of methods (e.g., concrete materials, algebraic reasoning, equivalent ratios, constant of proportionality) (Sample problem: Solve x/4 = 15/20.);
2.2.4: make comparisons using unit rates (e.g., if 500 mL of juice costs $2.29, the unit rate is 0.458¢/mL; this unit rate is less than for 750 mL of juice at $3.59, which has a unit rate of 0.479¢/mL);
2.2.5: solve problems involving ratios, rates, and directly proportional relationships in various contexts (e.g., currency conversions, scale drawings, measurement), using a variety of methods (e.g., using algebraic reasoning, equivalent ratios, a constant of proportionality; using dynamic geometry software to construct and measure scale drawings) (Sample problem: Simple interest is directly proportional to the amount invested. If Luis invests $84 for one year and earns $1.26 in interest, how much would he earn in interest if he invested $235 for one year?);
Beam to Moon (Ratios and Proportions)
Estimating Population Size
Part:Part and Part:Whole Ratios
2.2.6: solve problems requiring the expression of percents, fractions, and decimals in their equivalent forms (e.g., calculating simple interest and sales tax; analysing data) (Sample problem: Of the 29 students in a Grade 9 math class, 13 are taking science this semester. If this class is representative of all the Grade 9 students in the school, estimate and calculate the percent of the 236 Grade 9 students who are taking science this semester. Estimate and calculate the number of Grade 9 students this percent represents.).
2.3.2: relate their understanding of inverse operations to squaring and taking the square root, and apply inverse operations to simplify expressions and solve equations;
Function Machines 3 (Functions and Problem Solving)
2.3.5: add and subtract polynomials involving the same variable up to degree three [e.g., (2x + 1) + (x² - 3x + 4)], using a variety of tools (e.g., algebra tiles, computer algebra systems, paper and pencil);
Addition of Polynomials - Activity A
2.3.7: solve first-degree equations with nonfractional coefficients, using a variety of tools (e.g., computer algebra systems, paper and pencil) and strategies (e.g., the balance analogy, algebraic strategies) (Sample problem: Solve 2x + 7 = 6x - 1 using the balance analogy.);
Modeling and Solving Two-Step Equations
Solving Two-Step Equations
2.3.8: substitute into algebraic equations and solve for one variable in the first degree (e.g., in relationships, in measurement) (Sample problem: The perimeter of a rectangle can be represented as P = 2l + 2w. If the perimeter of a rectangle is 59 cm and the width is 12 cm, determine the length.).
Modeling and Solving Two-Step Equations
Solving Two-Step Equations
3.1.2: determine the characteristics of linear relations;
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Introduction to Functions
Linear Functions
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
3.1.3: demonstrate an understanding of constant rate of change and its connection to linear relations;
Distance-Time Graphs
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Linear Functions
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Using Tables, Rules and Graphs
3.1.4: connect various representations of a linear relation, and solve problems using the representations.
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Introduction to Functions
Linear Functions
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Using Tables, Rules and Graphs
3.2.1: interpret the meanings of points on scatter plots or graphs that represent linear relations, including scatter plots or graphs in more than one quadrant [e.g., on a scatter plot of height versus age, interpret the point (13, 150) as representing a student who is 13 years old and 150 cm tall; identify points on the graph that represent students who are taller and younger than this student] (Sample problem: Given a graph that represents the relationship of the Celsius scale and the Fahrenheit scale, determine the Celsius equivalent of -5°F.);
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Scatter Plots - Activity A
Solving Using Trend Lines
3.2.2: pose problems, identify variables, and formulate hypotheses associated with relationships between two variables (Sample problem: Does the rebound height of a ball depend on the height from which it was dropped?);
3.2.3: carry out an investigation or experiment involving relationships between two variables, including the collection and organization of data, using appropriate methods, equipment, and/or technology (e.g., surveying; using measuring tools, scientific probes, the Internet) and techniques (e.g.,making tables, drawing graphs) (Sample problem: Perform an experiment to measure and record the temperature of ice water in a plastic cup and ice water in a thermal mug over a 30 min period, for the purpose of comparison. What factors might affect the outcome of this experiment? How could you change the experiment to account for them?);
3.2.4: describe trends and relationships observed in data, make inferences from data, compare the inferences with hypotheses about the data, and explain any differences between the inferences and the hypotheses (e.g., describe the trend observed in the data. Does a relationship seem to exist? Of what sort? Is the outcome consistent with your hypothesis? Identify and explain any outlying pieces of data. Suggest a formula that relates the variables. How might you vary this experiment to examine other relationships?) (Sample problem: Hypothesize the effect of the length of a pendulum on the time required for the pendulum to make five full swings. Use data to make an inference. Compare the inference with the hypothesis. Are there other relationships you might investigate involving pendulums?).
Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
Correlation
Populations and Samples
Solving Using Trend Lines
3.3.1: construct tables of values and graphs, using a variety of tools (e.g., graphing calculators, spreadsheets, graphing software, paper and pencil), to represent linear relations derived from descriptions of realistic situations (Sample problem: Construct a table of values and a graph to represent a monthly cellphone plan that costs $25, plus $0.10 per minute of airtime.);
Arithmetic Sequences
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Introduction to Functions
Linear Functions
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Using Tables, Rules and Graphs
3.3.2: construct tables of values, scatter plots, and lines or curves of best fit as appropriate, using a variety of tools (e.g., spreadsheets, graphing software, graphing calculators, paper and pencil), for linearly related and non-linearly related data collected from a variety of sources (e.g., experiments, electronic secondary sources, patterning with concrete materials) (Sample problem: Collect data, using concrete materials or dynamic geometry software, and construct a table of values, a scatter plot, and a line or curve of best fit to represent the following relationships: the volume and the height for a square-based prism with a fixed base; the volume and the side length of the base for a square-based prism with a fixed height.);
Arithmetic Sequences
Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Linear Functions
Solving Using Trend Lines
3.3.3: identify, through investigation, some properties of linear relations (i.e., numerically, the first difference is a constant, which represents a constant rate of change; graphically, a straight line represents the relation), and apply these properties to determine whether a relation is linear or non-linear.
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Introduction to Functions
Linear Functions
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
3.4.1: determine, through investigation, that the rate of change of a linear relation can be found by choosing any two points on the line that represents the relation, finding the vertical change between the points (i.e., the rise) and the horizontal change between the points (i.e., the run), and writing the ratio rise/run (i.e., rate of change = rise/run);
Direct Variation
Direct and Inverse Variation
Distance-Time Graphs
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
3.4.2: determine, through investigation, connections among the representations of a constant rate of change of a linear relation (e.g., the cost of producing a book of photographs is $50, plus $5 per book, so an equation is C = 50 + 5p; a table of values provides the first difference of 5; the rate of change has a value of 5; and 5 is the coefficient of the independent variable, p, in this equation);
Distance-Time Graphs
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
Linear Functions
Using Tables, Rules and Graphs
3.4.3: compare the properties of direct variation and partial variation in applications, and identify the initial value (e.g., for a relation described in words, or represented as a graph or an equation) (Sample problem: Yoga costs $20 for registration, plus $8 per class.Tai chi costs $12 per class. Which situation represents a direct variation, and which represents a partial variation? For each relation, what is the initial value? Explain your answers.);
Determining a Spring Constant
Direct Variation
Direct and Inverse Variation
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
3.4.4: express a linear relation as an equation in two variables, using the rate of change and the initial value (e.g., Mei is raising funds in a charity walkathon; the course measures 25 km, and Mei walks at a steady pace of 4 km/h; the distance she has left to walk can be expressed as d = 25 - 4t, where t is the number of hours since she started the walk);
Defining a Line with Two Points
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Standard Form of a Line
3.4.5: describe the meaning of the rate of change and the initial value for a linear relation arising from a realistic situation (e.g., the cost to rent the community gym is $40 per evening, plus $2 per person for equipment rental; the vertical intercept, 40, represents the $40 cost of renting the gym; the value of the rate of change, 2, represents the $2 cost per person), and describe a situation that could be modelled by a given linear equation (e.g., the linear equation M = 50 + 6d could model the mass of a shipping package, including 50 g for the packaging material, plus 6 g per flyer added to the package).
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Linear Functions
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Using Tables, Rules and Graphs
3.5.1: determine values of a linear relation by using a table of values, by using the equation of the relation, and by interpolating or extrapolating from the graph of the relation (Sample problem: The equation H = 300 - 60t represents the height of a hot air balloon that is initially at 300 m and is descending at a constant rate of 60 m/min. Determine algebraically and graphically its height after 3.5 min.);
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Linear Functions
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Quadratic and Absolute Value Functions
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Using Tables, Rules and Graphs
3.5.2: describe a situation that would explain the events illustrated by a given graph of a relationship between two variables (Sample problem: The walk of an individual is illustrated in the given graph, produced by a motion detector and a graphing calculator. Describe the walk [e.g., the initial distance from the motion detector, the rate of walk].);
Exponential Functions - Activity A
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
3.5.3: determine other representations of a linear relation arising from a realistic situation, given one representation (e.g., given a numeric model, determine a graphical model and an algebraic model; given a graph, determine some points on the graph and determine an algebraic model);
Distance-Time Graphs
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Linear Functions
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Using Tables, Rules and Graphs
3.5.4: solve problems that can be modelled with first-degree equations, and compare the algebraic method to other solution methods (e.g., graphing) (Sample problem: Bill noticed it snowing and measured that 5 cm of snow had already fallen. During the next hour, an additional 1.5 cm of snow fell. If it continues to snow at this rate, how many more hours will it take until a total of 12.5 cm of snow has accumulated?);
Modeling and Solving Two-Step Equations
3.5.5: describe the effects on a linear graph and make the corresponding changes to the linear equation when the conditions of the situation they represent are varied (e.g., given a partial variation graph and an equation representing the cost of producing a yearbook, describe how the graph changes if the cost per book is altered, describe how the graph changes if the fixed costs are altered, and make the corresponding changes to the equation);
Defining a Line with Two Points
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Solving Equations By Graphing Each Side
Standard Form of a Line
3.5.6: determine graphically the point of intersection of two linear relations, and interpret the intersection point in the context of an application (Sample problem: A video rental company has two monthly plans. Plan A charges a flat fee of $30 for unlimited rentals; Plan B charges $9, plus $3 per video. Use a graphical model to determine the conditions under which you should choose Plan A or Plan B.);
Function Machines 2 (Functions, Tables, and Graphs)
Linear Functions
Modeling Linear Systems - Activity A
Point-Slope Form of a Line - Activity A
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Using Tables, Rules and Graphs
3.5.7: select a topic involving a two-variable relationship (e.g., the amount of your pay cheque and the number of hours you work; trends in sports salaries over time; the time required to cool a cup of coffee), pose a question on the topic, collect data to answer the question, and present its solution using appropriate representations of the data (Sample problem: Individually or in a small group, collect data on the cost compared to the capacity of computer hard drives. Present the data numerically, graphically, and [if linear] algebraically. Describe the results and any trends orally or by making a poster display or by using presentation software.).
Defining a Line with Two Points
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line - Activity A
Standard Form of a Line
4.1.1: determine, through investigation, the optimal values of various measurements of rectangles;
Classifying Triangles
Minimize Perimeter
Perimeter, Circumference, and Area - Activity B
Rectangle: Perimeter and Area
Special Quadrilaterals
4.1.2: solve problems involving the measurements of two-dimensional shapes and the volumes of three-dimensional figures;
Prisms and Cylinders - Activity A
Pyramids and Cones - Activity A
4.1.3: determine, through investigation facilitated by dynamic geometry software, geometric properties and relationships involving two-dimensional shapes, and apply the results to solving problems.
Classifying Quadrilaterals - Activity B
Classifying Triangles
Parallelogram Conditions
Special Quadrilaterals
4.2.1: determine the maximum area of a rectangle with a given perimeter by constructing a variety of rectangles, using a variety of tools (e.g., geoboards, graph paper, toothpicks, a pre-made dynamic geometry sketch), and by examining various values of the area as the side lengths change and the perimeter remains constant;
Area of Parallelograms - Activity A
Classifying Triangles
Maximize Area
Perimeter, Circumference, and Area - Activity B
Rectangle: Perimeter and Area
Special Quadrilaterals
4.2.2: determine the minimum perimeter of a rectangle with a given area by constructing a variety of rectangles, using a variety of tools (e.g., geoboards, graph paper, a premade dynamic geometry sketch), and by examining various values of the side lengths and the perimeter as the area stays constant;
Area of Parallelograms - Activity A
Classifying Triangles
Minimize Perimeter
Perimeter, Circumference, and Area - Activity B
Rectangle: Perimeter and Area
Special Quadrilaterals
4.2.3: solve problems that require maximizing the area of a rectangle for a fixed perimeter or minimizing the perimeter of a rectangle for a fixed area (Sample problem:You have 100 m of fence to enclose a rectangular area to be used for a snow sculpture competition. One side of the area is bounded by the school, so the fence is required for only three sides of the rectangle. Determine the dimensions of the maximum area that can be enclosed.).
Area of Parallelograms - Activity A
Minimize Perimeter
Perimeter, Circumference, and Area - Activity B
Rectangle: Perimeter and Area
4.3.1: relate the geometric representation of the Pythagorean theorem to the algebraic representation a² + b² = c²;
Distance Formula - Activity A
Geoboard: The Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagorean Theorem - Activity A
Pythagorean Theorem - Activity B
4.3.2: solve problems using the Pythagorean theorem, as required in applications (e.g., calculate the height of a cone, given the radius and the slant height, in order to determine the volume of the cone);
Distance Formula - Activity A
Geoboard: The Pythagorean Theorem
Pyramids and Cones - Activity A
Pythagorean Theorem - Activity A
Pythagorean Theorem - Activity B
Surface and Lateral Area of Pyramids and Cones
4.3.3: solve problems involving the areas and perimeters of composite two-dimensional shapes (i.e., combinations of rectangles, triangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and circles) (Sample problem: A new park is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid with a square attached to the shortest side.The side lengths of the trapezoidal section are 200 m, 500 m, 500 m, and 800 m, and the side length of the square section is 200 m. If the park is to be fully fenced and sodded, how much fencing and sod are required?);
Area of Parallelograms - Activity A
Rectangle: Perimeter and Area
Special Quadrilaterals
4.3.4: develop, through investigation (e.g., using concrete materials), the formulas for the volume of a pyramid, a cone, and a sphere (e.g., use three-dimensional figures to show that the volume of a pyramid [or cone] is 1/3 the volume of a prism [or cylinder] with the same base and height, and therefore that V(pyramid) = V(prism)/3 or V(pyramid) = (area of base)(height)/3;
Pyramids and Cones - Activity A
4.3.5: solve problems involving the volumes of prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres (Sample problem: Break-bit Cereal is sold in a single-serving size, in a box in the shape of a rectangular prism of dimensions 5 cm by 4 cm by 10 cm. The manufacturer also sells the cereal in a larger size, in a box with dimensions double those of the smaller box. Make a hypothesis about the effect on the volume of doubling the dimensions.Test your hypothesis using the volumes of the two boxes, and discuss the result.).
Prisms and Cylinders - Activity A
Pyramids and Cones - Activity A
4.4.1: determine, through investigation using a variety of tools (e.g., dynamic geometry software, concrete materials), and describe the properties and relationships of the interior and exterior angles of triangles, quadrilaterals, and other polygons, and apply the results to problems involving the angles of polygons (Sample problem:With the assistance of dynamic geometry software, determine the relationship between the sum of the interior angles of a polygon and the number of sides. Use your conclusion to determine the sum of the interior angles of a 20-sided polygon.);
Investigating Angle Theorems - Activity A
Polygon Angle Sum - Activity A
Triangle Angle Sum - Activity A
4.4.2: determine, through investigation using a variety of tools (e.g., dynamic geometry software, concrete materials), and describe the properties and relationships of the angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal, and apply the results to problems involving parallel lines (e.g., given a diagram of a rectangular gate with a supporting diagonal beam, and given the measure of one angle in the diagram, use the angle properties of triangles and parallel lines to determine the measures of the other angles in the diagram);
Investigating Angle Theorems - Activity A
Triangle Angle Sum - Activity A
Correlation last revised: 8/18/2015