2: Students know and understand common properties, forms, and changes in matter and energy.

2.1: Students know that matter has characteristic properties, which are related to its composition and structure.

2.1.a: examining, describing, comparing, measuring, and classifying objects based on common physical and chemical properties (for example, states of matter, mass, volume, electrical charge, temperature, density, boiling points, pH, magnetism, solubility);

Density
Density Experiment: Slice and Dice
Density Laboratory
Density via Comparison
Determining Density via Water Displacement
Mineral Identification
Mystery Powder Analysis
Phases of Water
Solubility and Temperature
Weight and Mass
pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

2.1.b: separating mixtures of substances based on their properties (for example, solubility, boiling points, magnetic properties, densities);

Density
Magnetism

2.2: Students know that energy appears in different forms, and can move (be transferred) and change (be transformed).

2.2.a: measuring quantities associated with energy forms (for example, temperature, mass, speed, distance, electrical charge, current, voltage);

Charge Launcher
Triple Beam Balance

2.2.b: describing qualitative and quantitative relationships, using data and observations and graphs, associated with energy transfer or energy transformation (for example, speed of object vs. height of ramp; length of string vs. pitch of sound; electric current vs. volume of gas produced in electrolysis, with length of time kept constant).

Circuit Builder
Energy Conversions
Graphing Skills
Sound Beats and Sine Waves

2.3: Students understand that interactions can produce changes in a system, although the total quantities of matter and energy remain unchanged.

2.3.a: identifying and classifying factors causing change within a system (for example, force, light, heat);

Calorimetry Lab
Food Chain
Phase Changes

2.3.b: identifying and predicting what will change and what will remain unchanged when matter experiences an external force or energy change (for example, boiling a liquid; comparing the force, distance, and work involved in simple machines);

Inclined Plane - Simple Machine
Pulley Lab
Pulleys
Torque and Moment of Inertia
Wheel and Axle

2.3.d: describing, measuring (for example, temperature, mass, volume, melting point of a substance) and calculating quantities before and after a chemical or physical change within a system (for example, temperature change, mass change, specific heat);

Calorimetry Lab

2.3.e: describing, measuring (for example, time, distance, mass, force) and calculating quantities that characterize moving objects and their interactions within a system (for example, force, velocity, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy).

Atwood Machine
Energy Conversions
Energy of a Pendulum
Fan Cart Physics
Force and Fan Carts
Free Fall Tower
Inclined Plane - Rolling Objects
Inclined Plane - Simple Machine
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Period of a Pendulum
Roller Coaster Physics
Simple Harmonic Motion
Uniform Circular Motion

3: Students know and understand the characteristics and structure of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with each other and their environment.

3.1: Students know and understand the characteristics of living things, the diversity of life, and how living things interact with each other and with their environment.

3.1.b: describing the importance of plant and animal adaptations, including local examples;

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Natural Selection

3.1.c: creating and interpreting food chains and food webs;

Food Chain
Forest Ecosystem
Prairie Ecosystem

3.1.e: describing how an environment's ability to provide food, water, space, and essential nutrients determines carrying capacity.

Food Chain
Rabbit Population by Season

3.2: Students know and understand interrelationships of matter and energy in living systems.

3.2.a: describing the basic processes of photosynthesis and respiration and their importance to life (for example, set up a terrarium or aquarium and make changes such as blocking out light);

Cell Energy Cycle
Interdependence of Plants and Animals
Photosynthesis Lab
Pond Ecosystem

3.2.b: comparing and contrasting food webs within and between different ecosystems (for example, grasslands, tundra, marine) and predicting the consequences of disrupting one of the organisms in a food web;

Forest Ecosystem
Prairie Ecosystem

3.2.e: describing the role of organisms in the decomposition and recycling of dead organisms (for example, bacteria's role in the decomposition and recycling of matter from a dead animal).

Forest Ecosystem

3.3: Students know and understand how the human body functions, factors that influence its structures and functions, and how these structures and functions compare with those of other organisms.

3.3.a: describing the observable components and functions of a cell (for example, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts; movement of molecules into and out of cells);

Cell Energy Cycle
Cell Structure
Osmosis
Photosynthesis Lab

3.3.b: comparing and contrasting the basic structures and functions of different types of cells (for example, single-celled organisms in pond water, Elodea, onion cell, human cheek cell);

Cell Structure
Paramecium Homeostasis

3.3.e: describing and giving examples of noncommunicable diseases and communicable diseases (for example, heart disease and chicken pox).

Disease Spread

3.4: Students know and understand how organisms change over time in terms of biological evolution and genetics.

3.4.a: describing the purpose of body cell division and sex cell division;

Cell Structure
Paramecium Homeostasis

3.4.b: describing the role of chromosomes and genes in heredity (for example, genes control traits, while chromosomes are made up of many genes);

Chicken Genetics
Human Karyotyping
Inheritance
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)

3.4.c: describing evidence that reveals changes or constancy in groups of organisms over geologic time.

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

4: Students know and understand the processes and interactions of Earth's systems and the structure and dynamics of Earth and other objects in space.

4.1: Students know and understand the composition of Earth, its history, and the natural processes that shape it.

4.1.b: explaining how fossils are formed and used as evidence to indicate that life has changed through time;

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

4.1.c: modeling natural processes that shape Earth's surface (for example, weathering, erosion, mountain building, volcanic activity);

Rock Cycle

4.2: Students know and understand the general characteristics of the atmosphere and fundamental processes of weather.

4.2.b: observing, measuring, and recording changes in weather conditions (for example, humidity, temperature, air pressure, cloud types, wind, precipitation);

Coastal Winds and Clouds
Hurricane Motion
Relative Humidity
Weather Maps

4.2.c: explaining how atmospheric circulation is driven by solar heating (for example, the transfer of energy by radiation, convection, conduction);

Conduction and Convection
Energy Conversions

4.4: Students know the structure of the solar system, composition and interactions of objects in the universe, and how space is explored.

4.4.a: describing the basic components, composition, size, and theories of origin of the solar system;

Rotation/Revolution of Venus and Earth
Solar System
Solar System Explorer

4.4.b: explaining the effects of relative motion and positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon (for example, seasons, eclipses, moon phases, tides);

2D Eclipse
3D Eclipse
Eclipse
Moon Phases
Moonrise, Moonset, and Phases
Phases of the Moon
Seasons Around the World
Seasons in 3D
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Seasons: Why do we have them?
Solar System

4.4.c: comparing Earth to other planets (for example, size, composition, relative distance from the Sun);

Solar System