ES.1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific and engineering practices by
ES.1.a: asking questions and defining problems
ES.1.a.1: ask questions that arise from careful observation of phenomena, examination of a model or theory, or unexpected results, and/or to seek additional information
Pendulum Clock
Sight vs. Sound Reactions
ES.1.a.2: determine which questions can be investigated within the scope of the school laboratory or field experience
Pendulum Clock
Sight vs. Sound Reactions
ES.1.a.3: generate hypotheses based on research and scientific principles
Pendulum Clock
ES.1.a.4: make hypotheses that specify what happens to a dependent variable when an independent variable is manipulated
Pendulum Clock
ES.1.b: planning and carrying out investigations
ES.1.b.1: individually and collaboratively plan and conduct observational and experimental investigations
Coral Reefs 2 - Biotic Factors
Diffusion
Effect of Environment on New Life Form
Pendulum Clock
Real-Time Histogram
Seed Germination
Sight vs. Sound Reactions
Temperature and Sex Determination - Metric
ES.1.b.2: plan and conduct investigations to test design solutions in a safe and ethical manner including considerations of environmental, social and personal effects
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Coral Reefs 2 - Biotic Factors
ES.1.b.3: select and use appropriate tools and technology to collect, record, analyze, and evaluate data
Triple Beam Balance
ES.1.c: interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating data
ES.1.c.1: construct and interpret data tables showing independent and dependent variables, repeated trials, and means
Diffusion
Pendulum Clock
Seed Germination
Temperature and Sex Determination - Metric
ES.1.c.2: construct, analyze, and interpret graphical displays of data and consider limitations of data analysis
Distance-Time Graphs - Metric
Seasons Around the World
Temperature and Sex Determination - Metric
ES.1.c.3: apply mathematical concepts and processes to scientific questions
Estimating Population Size
ES.1.c.4: use data in building and revising models, supporting explanations of phenomena, or testing solutions to problems
Trebuchet
ES.1.c.5: analyze data using tools, technologies, and/or models in order to make valid and reliable scientific claims or determine an optimal design solution
Trebuchet
ES.1.d: constructing and critiquing conclusions and explanations
ES.1.d.1: make quantitative and/or qualitative claims based on data
Temperature and Sex Determination - Metric
ES.1.d.4: construct arguments or counterarguments based on data and evidence
Big Bang Theory - Hubble's Law
ES.1.e: developing and using models
ES.1.e.3: construct and interpret scales, diagrams, classification charts, graphs, tables, imagery, models, including geologic cross sections and topographic profiles
Building Topographic Maps
Reading Topographic Maps
ES.1.e.4: read and interpret topographic and basic geologic maps and globes, including location by latitude and longitude
Building Topographic Maps
Ocean Mapping
Reading Topographic Maps
Weather Maps - Metric
ES.2: The student will demonstrate an understanding that there are scientific concepts related to the origin and evolution of the universe. Key ideas include
ES.2.a: the big bang theory explains the origin of universe;
Big Bang Theory - Hubble's Law
ES.2.b: stars, star systems, and galaxies change over long periods of time;
Big Bang Theory - Hubble's Law
H-R Diagram
Star Spectra
ES.2.c: characteristics of the sun, planets and their moons, comets, meteors, asteroids, and dwarf planets are determined by materials found in each body; and
Solar System Explorer
ES.3: The student will investigate and understand that Earth is unique in our solar system. Key ideas include
ES.3.b: the dynamics of the sun-Earth-moon system cause seasons, tides, and eclipses.
2D Eclipse
3D Eclipse
Moonrise, Moonset, and Phases
Seasons Around the World
Seasons in 3D
Seasons: Why do we have them?
Tides - Metric
ES.4: The student will investigate and understand that there are major rock-forming and ore minerals. Key ideas include
ES.4.a: analysis of physical and chemical properties supports mineral identification;
Mineral Identification
Rock Classification
ES.4.b: characteristics of minerals determine the uses of minerals; and
Mineral Identification
ES.5: The student will investigate and understand that igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks can transform. Key ideas include
ES.5.a: Earth materials are finite and are transformed over time;
Rock Cycle
ES.5.b: the rock cycle models the transformation of rocks;
Rock Cycle
ES.5.d: plate tectonic and surface processes transform Earth materials.
Plate Tectonics
ES.6: The student will investigate and understand that resource use is complex. Key ideas include
ES.6.a: global resource use has environmental liabilities and benefits;
Carbon Cycle
ES.6.c: use of Virginia resources has an effect on the environment and the economy; and
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Coral Reefs 2 - Biotic Factors
Pond Ecosystem
ES.7: The student will investigate and understand that plate tectonic theory explains Earth’s internal and external geologic processes. Key ideas include
ES.7.b: features and processes occur within plates and at plate boundaries;
Plate Tectonics
ES.7.c: interaction between tectonic plates causes the development of mountain ranges and ocean basins; and
Plate Tectonics
ES.7.d: evidence of geologic processes is found in Virginia’s geologic landscape.
Plate Tectonics
ES.8: The student will investigate and understand that freshwater resources influence and are influenced by geologic processes and human activity. Key ideas include
ES.8.a: water influences geologic processes including soil development and karst topography;
Weathering
ES.8.c: weather and human usage affect freshwater resources, including water locations, quality, and supply; and
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Pond Ecosystem
ES.9: The student will investigate and understand that many aspects of the history and evolution of Earth and life can be inferred by studying rocks and fossils. Key ideas include
ES.9.b: superposition, cross-cutting relationships, index fossils, and radioactive decay are methods of dating rocks and Earth events and processes;
Half-life
ES.9.c: absolute (radiometric) and relative dating have different applications but can be used together to determine the age of rocks and structures; and
Half-life
ES.10: The student will investigate and understand that oceans are complex, dynamic systems and are subject to long- and short-term variations. Key ideas include
ES.10.a: chemical, biological, and physical changes affect the oceans;
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
ES.10.b: environmental and geologic occurrences affect ocean dynamics;
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Plate Tectonics
ES.10.c: unevenly distributed heat in the oceans drives much of Earth’s weather;
Coastal Winds and Clouds - Metric
Pond Ecosystem
ES.10.d: features of the sea floor reflect tectonic and other geological processes; and
Plate Tectonics
ES.11: The student will investigate and understand that the atmosphere is a complex, dynamic system and is subject to long-and short-term variations. Key ideas include
ES.11.b: biologic and geologic interactions over long and short time spans change the atmospheric composition;
Carbon Cycle
ES.12: The student will investigate and understand that Earth’s weather and climate are the result of the interaction of the sun’s energy with the atmosphere, oceans, and the land. Key ideas include
ES.12.a: weather involves the reflection, absorption, storage, and redistribution of energy over short to medium time spans;
Coastal Winds and Clouds - Metric
ES.12.b: weather patterns can be predicted based on changes in current conditions;
Coastal Winds and Clouds - Metric
Hurricane Motion - Metric
Weather Maps - Metric
ES.12.c: extreme imbalances in energy distribution in the oceans, atmosphere, and the land may lead to severe weather conditions;
Hurricane Motion - Metric
ES.12.d: models based on current conditions are used to predict weather phenomena; and
Weather Maps - Metric
ES.12.e: changes in the atmosphere and the oceans due to natural and human activity affect global climate.
Carbon Cycle
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Greenhouse Effect - Metric
Correlation last revised: 9/15/2020