CHEM2.PS1: Matter and Its Interactions

CHEM2.PS1.1: Illustrate and explain the arrangement of electrons surrounding atoms and ions (electron configurations and orbital notation of a specific electron in an element) and relate the arrangement of electrons with observed periodic trends.

Electron Configuration

CHEM2.PS1.3: Compare and contrast crystalline and amorphous solids with respect to particle arrangement, strength of bonds, melting and boiling points, bulk density, and conductivity; provide examples of each type.

Melting Points

CHEM2.PS1.4: Investigate and use mathematical representations to support Dalton’s law of partial pressures and to compare and contrast diffusion and effusion.

Diffusion
Equilibrium and Pressure

CHEM2.PS1.5: Obtain data and solve combined and ideal gas law problems and stoichiometry problems at STP and non STP conditions to quantitatively explain the behavior of gases.

Boyle's Law and Charles's Law

CHEM2.PS1.7: Investigate, describe, and mathematically determine the effect of solute concentration on vapor pressure using Raoult’s Law and of the solute’s van ’t Hoff factor on freezing point depression and boiling point elevation.

Freezing Point of Salt Water

CHEM2.PS1.8: Develop models to show how different types of polymers, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and starches, are formed by repetitive combinations of simple subunits by condensation and addition reactions and to show the diverse bonding characteristics of carbon.

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

CHEM2.PS1.11: Conduct a qualitative analysis lab to determine the solubility rules. Use solubility rules to identify spectator ions and write net ionic equations for precipitation reactions.

Solubility and Temperature

CHEM2.PS1.14: Conduct titrations with standard solutions (monoprotic and diprotic) and an appropriate indicator and/or a pH probe to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base, and with a weak acid or weak base to determine the Ka or Kb and the pH at the equivalence point.

Titration

CHEM2.PS1.15: Explain common chemical reactions, including those found in biological systems, using qualitative and quantitative information.

Cell Energy Cycle

CHEM2.PS1.16: Create a model of the atomic substructure including electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks, and gluons.

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Element Builder

CHEM2.PS2: Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

CHEM2.PS2.3: Investigate and use mathematical evidence to support that rates of chemical reactions are determined by details of the molecular collisions.

Collision Theory

CHEM2.PS2.5: Investigate the parameters of chemical equilibria in the laboratory by

Equilibrium and Concentration
Equilibrium and Pressure

CHEM2.PS2.5.a: writing and calculating equilibrium expressions (Kc, Kp, Ksp, Ka, Kb);

Equilibrium and Concentration
Equilibrium and Pressure

CHEM2.PS2.5.b: calculating Q and determining the direction the reaction will proceed; and

Equilibrium and Concentration
Equilibrium and Pressure

CHEM2.PS2.5.c: calculating equilibrium concentrations given an equilibrium constant and starting amounts.

Equilibrium and Concentration
Equilibrium and Pressure

CHEM2.PS3: Energy

CHEM2.PS3.1: Mathematically determine the enthalpy change for a given reaction using Hess’s Law, standard enthalpies of formation, or a given mass of a reactant.

Reaction Energy

CHEM2.PS3.7: Investigate and explain the energy changes in biological systems (such as the combustion of sugar and photosynthesis) both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Cell Energy Cycle

CHEM2.PS4: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

CHEM2.PS4.1: Investigate and contrast the mechanism of energy changes and the appearance of absorption and emission spectra.

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Star Spectra

CHEM2.PS4.2: Apply scientific principles and mathematical representations (C=?? and E=h?) to explain that spectral lines are the result of and correspond to transitions between energy levels.

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction