SC1: Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the use of the modern atomic theory and periodic law to explain the characteristics of atoms and elements.

SC1.b: Construct an argument to support the claim that the proton (and not the neutron or electron) defines the element’s identity.

Element Builder

SC1.d: Construct an explanation that relates the relative abundance of isotopes of a particular element to the atomic mass of the element.

Average Atomic Mass
Isotopes

SC1.e: Construct an explanation of light emission and the movement of electrons to identify elements.

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Star Spectra

SC1.f: Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms (i.e. including atomic radii, ionization energy, and electronegativity).

Electron Configuration
Periodic Trends

SC1.g: Develop and use models, including electron configuration of atoms and ions, to predict an element’s chemical properties.

Electron Configuration

SC2: Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the chemical and physical properties of matter resulting from the ability of atoms to form bonds.

SC2.a: Plan and carry out an investigation to gather evidence to compare the physical and chemical properties at the macroscopic scale to infer the strength of intermolecular and intramolecular forces.

Melting Points

SC2.d: Develop and use models to evaluate bonding configurations from nonpolar covalent to ionic bonding.

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

SC3: Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how the Law of Conservation of Matter is used to determine chemical composition in compounds and chemical reactions.

SC3.a: Use mathematics and computational thinking to balance chemical reactions (i.e., synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion) and construct an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equations

SC3.b: Plan and carry out an investigation to determine that a new chemical has been formed by identifying indicators of a chemical reaction (e.g., precipitate formation, gas evolution, color change, water production, and changes in energy to the system).

Chemical Changes

SC3.c: Use mathematics and computational thinking to apply concepts of the mole and Avogadro’s number to conceptualize and calculate percent composition; empirical/molecular formulas; mass, moles, and molecules relationships; molar volumes of gases.

Chemical Equations
Limiting Reactants
Moles
Stoichiometry

SC3.d: Use mathematics and computational thinking to identify and solve different types of reaction stoichiometry problems (i.e., mass to moles, mass to mass, moles to moles, and percent yield) using significant figures.

Chemical Equations
Limiting Reactants
Stoichiometry

SC3.e: Plan and carry out an investigation to demonstrate the conceptual principle of limiting reactants.

Limiting Reactants

SC4: Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how to refine the design of a chemical system by applying engineering principles to manipulate the factors that affect a chemical reaction.

SC4.a: Plan and carry out an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of changing concentration, temperature, and pressure on chemical reactions.

Chemical Changes
Equilibrium and Concentration

SC4.b: Construct an argument using collision theory and transition state theory to explain the role of activation energy in chemical reactions.

Collision Theory

SC4.c: Construct an explanation of the effects of a catalyst on chemical reactions and apply it to everyday examples.

Collision Theory

SC4.d: Refine the design of a chemical system by altering the conditions that would change forward and reverse reaction rates and the amount of products at equilibrium.

Collision Theory
Equilibrium and Concentration
Equilibrium and Pressure

SC5: Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the Kinetic Molecular Theory to model atomic and molecular motion in chemical and physical processes.

SC5.a: Plan and carry out an investigation to calculate the amount of heat absorbed or released by chemical or physical processes.

Chemical Changes
Feel the Heat
Reaction Energy

SC5.b: Construct an explanation using a heating curve as evidence of the effects of energy and intermolecular forces on phase changes.

Phase Changes

SC5.c: Develop and use models to quantitatively, conceptually, and graphically represent the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas.

Boyle's Law and Charles's Law

SC6: Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the properties that describe solutions and the nature of acids and bases.

SC6.e: Develop and use a model to explain the effects of a solute on boiling point and freezing point.

Colligative Properties

SC6.f: Use mathematics and computational thinking to compare, contrast, and evaluate the nature of acids and bases in terms of percent dissociation, hydronium ion concentration, and pH.

Titration
pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

SC6.h: Plan and carry out an investigation to explore acid-base neutralization.

Titration