9-12-PS1: Matter and Its Interactions

9-12-PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter

9-12-PS1-1: Use the organization of the periodic table to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Electron Configuration
Element Builder
Periodic Trends

9-12-PS1-2: Construct and revise an explanation for the products of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Periodic Trends

9-12-PS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare physical and chemical properties of substances such as melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, surface tension, and chemical reactivity to infer the relative strength of attractive forces between particles.

Melting Points
Polarity and Intermolecular Forces

9-12-PS1-4: Apply the concepts of bonding and crystalline/molecular structure to explain the macroscopic properties of various categories of structural materials, i.e. metals, ionic (ceramics), and polymers.

Feel the Heat

9-12-PS1-5: Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

Feel the Heat
Reaction Energy

9-12-PS1.B: Chemical Reactions

9-12-PS1-6: Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

Collision Theory

9-12-PS1-7: Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would alter the amount of products at equilibrium.

Equilibrium and Concentration
Equilibrium and Pressure

9-12-PS1-8: Use symbolic representations and mathematical calculations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Changes
Chemical Equations
Moles
Stoichiometry

9-12-PS1.C: Nuclear Process

9-12-PS1-9: Use symbolic representations to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

Average Atomic Mass
Half-life
Isotopes
Nuclear Decay
Nuclear Reactions

9-12-PS2: Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

9-12-PS2.A: Forces and Motion

9-12-PS2-1: Analyze data to support and verify the concepts expressed by Newton's 2nd law of motion, as it describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

Atwood Machine
Crumple Zones
Fan Cart Physics

9-12-PS2-2: Use mathematical representations to support and verify the concepts that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

2D Collisions
Air Track

9-12-PS2-3: Apply scientific principles of motion and momentum to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

Crumple Zones

9-12-PS2.B: Types of Interaction

9-12-PS2-4: Use mathematical representations of Newton’s Law of Gravitation to describe and predict the gravitational forces between objects.

Coulomb Force (Static)
Gravitational Force
Pith Ball Lab

9-12-PS2-5: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

Electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic Induction

9-12-PS3: Energy

9-12-PS3.A: Definitions of Energy

9-12-PS3-1: Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the changes in energy are known.

Energy Conversion in a System
Energy of a Pendulum
Inclined Plane - Rolling Objects
Inclined Plane - Simple Machine
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects

9-12-PS3-2: Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative position of particles (objects).

Boyle's Law and Charles's Law
Energy Conversion in a System
Energy of a Pendulum
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Potential Energy on Shelves

9-12-PS3-3: Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

Feel the Heat
Trebuchet

9-12-PS3.B: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer

9-12-PS3-4: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

Calorimetry Lab
Conduction and Convection
Heat Transfer by Conduction

9-12-PS3.C: Relationship Between Energy and Forces

9-12-PS3-5: Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.

Charge Launcher
Electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic Induction
Magnetism
Pith Ball Lab
Polarity and Intermolecular Forces

9-12-PS4: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

9-12-PS4.A: Wave Properties

9-12-PS4-1: Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

Earthquakes 1 - Recording Station
Refraction
Ripple Tank
Waves

9-12-PS4-2: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.

Basic Prism
Photoelectric Effect

9-12-PS4.B: Electromagnetic Radiation

9-12-PS4-3: Communicate technical information about how electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter.

Phased Array

9-12-PS4-4: Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

Heat Absorption
Herschel Experiment - Metric
Photoelectric Effect
Radiation