12.3: Focuses on science facts, concepts, principles, theories, and models that are important for all students to know, understand and use

12.3.1: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the structure of the atom.

12.3.1.b: Investigate and explain the types of nuclear reactions.

Nuclear Decay

12.3.2: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the structure and properties of matter.

12.3.2.a: Investigate and understand that atoms interact with one another by transferring or sharing electrons.

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

12.3.2.b: Investigate and explain the periodic table of elements in terms of repeating patterns of physical and chemical properties.

Electron Configuration

12.3.3: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of chemical reactions.

12.3.3.a: Investigate and describe common chemical reactions.

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equations
Equilibrium and Concentration

12.3.3.c: Investigate and describe how electrons are involved in bond formation during chemical reactions.

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

12.3.3.d: Investigate and describe the factors influencing the rates of chemical reactions, including catalysts.

Collision Theory

12.3.4: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of motions and forces.

12.3.4.a: Investigate and understand the effect of forces on the motion of objects.

Atwood Machine
Fan Cart Physics

12.3.4.b: Investigate and understand gravity as an attractive force that each mass exerts on any other mass.

Coulomb Force (Static)
Pith Ball Lab

12.3.4.c: Investigate and understand electrical force as a force that exists between any two charged objects.

Coulomb Force (Static)
Pith Ball Lab

12.3.4.d: Investigate and describe an electric field a magnetic field, and the interaction between them.

Electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic Induction

12.3.5: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the conservation of energy and increase in disorder.

12.3.5.a: Understand that the total energy in the universe is constant and can never be destroyed.

Air Track
Energy Conversion in a System
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects

12.3.5.b: Investigate and distinguish between kinetic energy and potential energy.

Energy of a Pendulum
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects

12.3.5.c: Investigate and describe heat transfer in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation.

Herschel Experiment

12.3.6: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the interactions of energy and matter.

12.3.6.e: Investigate and understand that atoms or molecules can be identified by spectral analysis.

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Star Spectra

12.4: Focuses on science facts, concepts, principles, theories, and models that are important for all students to know, understand, and use.

12.4.1: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell.

12.4.1.a: Investigate and describe the form and function of subcellular structures that regulate cell activities.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

12.4.2: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the molecular basis of heredity.

12.4.2.a: Investigate and describe how DNA carries the genetic code.

DNA Fingerprint Analysis

12.4.2.b: Investigate and understand that genetic variation occurs when genetic information is transmitted during sexual reproduction.

Evolution: Mutation and Selection

12.4.2.c: Investigate and explain how some mutations could help, harm or have no effect on individual organisms.

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection

12.4.3: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the theory of biological evolution.

12.4.3.a: Understand that the concept of biological evolution is a theory which explains the consequence of the interactions of:

12.4.3.a.2: the genetic variability of offspring due to mutation and recombination of genes;

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection

12.4.3.a.4: the ensuing selection by the environment of those offspring better able to survive and leave offspring.

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection
Microevolution
Natural Selection
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

12.4.3.b: Investigate and use the theory of biological evolution to explain diversity of life.

Evolution: Mutation and Selection

12.4.3.d: Investigate and use biological classifications based on similarities.

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

12.4.4: By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the interdependence of organisms.

12.4.4.d: Investigate and understand that interactions among organisms are affected by the conflict between an organism’s capacity to produce infinite populations and the finite amount of resources.

Food Chain