I: Energy Transformations

I.A: What is the role of energy in our world?

I.A.9.1: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; however, energy can be converted from one form to another.

1.1.1.1: Energy enters the Earth system primarily as solar radiation, is captured by materials and photosynthetic processes, and eventually is transformed into heat.

Cell Energy Cycle
Photosynthesis Lab

I.A.9.1.D 1: Describe the effects of adding energy to matter in terms of the motion of atoms and molecules, and the resulting phase changes.

Phase Changes

I.A.9.1.D 2: Explain how energy is transferred by conduction, convection and radiation.

Herschel Experiment

I.A.9.1.D 3: Describe energy transformations among heat, light, electricity and motion.

Energy Conversion in a System
Herschel Experiment
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects

I.B: What is the role of energy in our world?

I.B.9.2: The electrical force is a universal force that exists between any two charged objects.

1.2.1.1: Moving electrical charges produce magnetic forces, and moving magnets can produce electrical force.

Magnetic Induction

I.B.9.2.D 4: Explain the relationship among voltage, current and resistance in a simple series circuit.

Advanced Circuits
Circuit Builder
Circuits

II: Chemical Structures and Properties

II.A: How does the structure of matter affect the properties and uses of materials?

II.A.9.4: Atoms react with one another to form new molecules.

2.1.1.1: Atoms have a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Element Builder

II.A.9.4.D 10: Describe the general structure of the atom, and explain how the properties of the first 20 elements in the Periodic Table are related to their atomic structures.

Electron Configuration

II.A.9.4.D 11: Describe how atoms combine to form new substances by transferring electrons (ionic bonding) or sharing electrons (covalent bonding).

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

II.A.9.4.D 12: Explain the chemical composition of acids and bases, and explain the change of pH in neutralization reactions.

Titration

II.C: How do science and technology affect the quality of our lives?

II.C.9.6: Chemical technologies present both risks and benefits to the health and well-being of humans, plants and animals.

II.C.9.6.D 18: Explain the short- and long-term impacts of landfills and incineration of waste materials on the quality of the environment.

Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors

III: Global Interdependence

III.A: How do materials cycle through the Earth’s systems?

III.A.9.7: Elements on Earth move among reservoirs in the solid earth, oceans, atmosphere and organisms as part of biogeochemical cycles.

3.1.1.1: Elements on Earth exist in essentially fixed amounts and are located in various chemical reservoirs.

Cell Energy Cycle

III.A.9.7.D 19: Explain how chemical and physical processes cause carbon to cycle through the major earth reservoirs.

Carbon Cycle
Cell Energy Cycle

III.B: How do science and technology affect the quality of our lives?

III.B.9.8: The use of resources by human populations may affect the quality of the environment.

III.B.9.8.D 23: Explain how the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere increases Earth’s “greenhouse” effect and may cause climate changes.

Carbon Cycle
Greenhouse Effect

III.C: How do science and technology affect the quality of our lives?

III.C.9.9: Some materials can be recycled, but others accumulate in the environment and may affect the balance of the Earth systems.

III.C.9.9.D 25: Explain how land development, transportation options and consumption of resources may affect the environment.

Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Pond Ecosystem

III.C.9.9.D 26: Describe human efforts to reduce the consumption of raw materials and improve air and water quality.

Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Pond Ecosystem