1: Matter and Its Interactions

1: Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties and trends (e.g., reactivity of metals; types of bonds formed, including ionic, covalent, and polar covalent; numbers of bonds formed; reactions with oxygen) of main group elements based on the patterns of valence electrons in atoms.

Electron Configuration
Element Builder
Periodic Trends

2: Plan and carry out investigations (e.g., squeezing a balloon, placing a balloon on ice) to identify the relationships that exist among the pressure, volume, density, and temperature of a confined gas.

Diffusion

3: Analyze and interpret data from a simple chemical reaction or combustion reaction involving main group elements.

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Periodic Trends

4: Analyze and interpret data using acid-base indicators (e.g., color-changing markers, pH paper) to distinguish between acids and bases, including comparisons between strong and weak acids and bases.

Chemical Changes

5: Use mathematical representations to support and verify the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a simple chemical reaction.

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Changes
Chemical Equations
Moles
Stoichiometry

6: Develop models to illustrate the concept of half-life for radioactive decay.

Average Atomic Mass
Half-life
Isotopes
Nuclear Decay
Nuclear Reactions

2: Motion and Stability:Forces and Interactions

7: Analyze and interpret data for one- and two-dimensional motion applying basic concepts of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration (e.g., velocity versus time graphs, displacement versus time graphs, acceleration versus time graphs).

Distance-Time Graphs - Metric
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs - Metric
Free-Fall Laboratory

8: Apply Newton’s laws to predict the motion of a system by constructing force diagrams that identify the external forces acting on the system, including friction (e.g., a book on a table, an object being pushed across a floor, an accelerating car).

Atwood Machine
Crumple Zones
Fan Cart Physics

9: Use mathematical equations (e.g., (m₁v₁ + m₂v₂) before = (m₁v₁+ m₂v₂) after) and diagrams to explain that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net external force on the system.

2D Collisions
Air Track

9.a: Use the laws of conservation of mechanical energy and momentum to predict the result of one-dimensional elastic collisions.

Crumple Zones

10: Construct simple series and parallel circuits containing resistors and batteries and apply Ohm’s law to solve typical problems demonstrating the effect of changing values of resistors and voltages.

Advanced Circuits
Circuit Builder
Circuits

3: Energy

11: Design and conduct investigations to verify the law of conservation of energy including transformations of potential energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, and the effect of any work performed on or by the system.

Energy Conversion in a System
Energy of a Pendulum
Inclined Plane - Rolling Objects
Inclined Plane - Simple Machine
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects

12: Design, build, and test the ability of a device (e.g., Rube Goldberg devices, wind turbines, solar cells, solar ovens) to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

Feel the Heat
Trebuchet

4: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

13: Use mathematical representations to demonstrate the relationships among wavelength, frequency, and speed of waves (e.g., the relation v = λ f) traveling in various media (e.g., electromagnetic radiation traveling in a vacuum and glass, sound waves traveling through air and water, seismic waves traveling through Earth).

Earthquakes 1 - Recording Station
Refraction
Ripple Tank
Waves

14: Propose and defend a hypothesis based on information gathered from published materials (e.g., trade books, magazines, Internet resources, videos) for and against various claims for the safety of electromagnetic radiation.

Heat Absorption
Herschel Experiment - Metric
Photoelectric Effect
Radiation

15: Obtain and communicate information from published materials to explain how transmitting and receiving devices (e.g., cellular telephones, medical-imaging technology, solar cells, wireless Internet, scanners, Sound Navigation and Ranging [SONAR]) use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.

Phased Array