ES.1: The student will plan and conduct investigations in which

ES.1.a: volume, area, mass, elapsed time, direction, temperature, pressure, distance, density, and changes in elevation/depth are calculated utilizing the most appropriate tools;

Triple Beam Balance

ES.1.c: scales, diagrams, charts, graphs, tables, imagery, models, and profiles are constructed and interpreted;

Distance-Time Graphs - Metric

ES.1.d: maps and globes are read and interpreted, including location by latitude and longitude;

Building Topographic Maps
Ocean Mapping
Reading Topographic Maps
Weather Maps - Metric

ES.1.e: variables are manipulated with repeated trials; and

Diffusion

ES.2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of science and scientific reasoning and logic.

ES.2.b: evidence is required to evaluate hypotheses and explanations;

Temperature and Sex Determination - Metric

ES.3: The student will investigate and understand the characteristics of Earth and the solar system.

ES.3.b: sun-Earth-moon relationships; (seasons, tides, and eclipses);

3D Eclipse
Seasons Around the World
Seasons in 3D
Seasons: Why do we have them?
Tides - Metric

ES.5: The student will investigate and understand the rock cycle as it relates to the origin and transformation of rock types and how to identify common rock types based on mineral composition and textures.

ES.5.a: igneous rocks;

Rock Classification

ES.5.b: sedimentary rocks; and

Rock Classification

ES.5.c: metamorphic rocks.

Rock Classification

ES.6: The student will investigate and understand the differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources.

ES.6.a: fossil fuels, minerals, rocks, water, and vegetation;

Carbon Cycle

ES.7: The student will investigate and understand geologic processes including plate tectonics.

ES.7.a: geologic processes and their resulting features; and

Plate Tectonics
River Erosion
Weathering

ES.7.b: tectonic processes.

Plate Tectonics

ES.8: The student will investigate and understand how freshwater resources are influenced by geologic processes and the activities of humans.

ES.8.e: dependence on freshwater resources and the effects of human usage on water quality; and

Pond Ecosystem

ES.9: The student will investigate and understand that many aspects of the history and evolution of Earth and life can be inferred by studying rocks and fossils.

ES.9.b: superposition, cross-cutting relationships, index fossils, and radioactive decay are methods of dating bodies of rock;

Half-life

ES.10: The student will investigate and understand that oceans are complex, interactive physical, chemical, and biological systems and are subject to long- and short-term variations.

ES.10.b: importance of environmental and geologic implications;

Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors

ES.10.d: features of the sea floor as reflections of tectonic processes; and

Plate Tectonics

ES.11: The student will investigate and understand the origin and evolution of the atmosphere and the interrelationship of geologic processes, biologic processes, and human activities on its composition and dynamics.

ES.11.d: potential changes to the atmosphere and climate due to human, biologic, and geologic activity.

Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Coral Reefs 2 - Biotic Factors

ES.12: The student will investigate and understand that energy transfer between the sun and Earth and its atmosphere drives weather and climate on Earth.

ES.12.b: prediction of weather patterns;

Hurricane Motion - Metric
Weather Maps - Metric

ES.12.c: severe weather occurrences, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and major storms; and

Hurricane Motion - Metric

ES.12.d: weather phenomena and the factors that affect climate including radiation, conduction, and convection.

Coastal Winds and Clouds - Metric

ES.13: The student will investigate and understand scientific concepts related to the origin and evolution of the universe.

ES.13.a: cosmology including the Big Bang theory; and

Big Bang Theory - Hubble's Law