1: The student knows and applies scientific concepts and principles to understand the properties, structures, and changes in physical, earth/space, and living systems.

1.1: Understand how properties are used to identify, describe, and categorize substances, materials, and objects and how characteristics are used to categorize living things.

1.1.1: Understand how to use physical and chemical properties to sort and identify substances.

1.1.1.c: Describe why substances with the same volume or same mass may have different densities.

Density Experiment: Slice and Dice
Density Laboratory

1.1.3: Understand sound waves, water waves, and light waves using wave properties, including amplitude, wavelength, and speed. Understand wave behaviors, including reflection, refraction, transmission, and absorption.

1.1.3.a: Describe how the observed properties of light, sound, and water are related to amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves (e.g., color and brightness of light, pitch and volume of sound, height of water waves, light waves are faster than sound waves).

Longitudinal Waves
Refraction
Ripple Tank

1.1.3.b: Describe the behavior of light waves when light interacts with transparent, translucent, and opaque substances (e.g., blue objects appear blue in color because the object reflects mostly blue light and absorbs the other colors of light, transparent objects transmit most light through them, lenses refract light).

Basic Prism
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Refraction

1.1.3.c: Describe the changes in speed and direction as a wave goes from one substance into another.

Basic Prism
Refraction
Ripple Tank

1.1.4: Understand that energy is a property of matter, objects, and systems and comes in many forms (i.e., heat [thermal] energy, sound energy, light energy, electrical energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, and chemical energy).

1.1.4.a: Compare the potential and kinetic energy within a system at various locations or times (i.e., kinetic energy is an object’s energy of motion; potential energy is an object’s energy of position).

Energy of a Pendulum
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Roller Coaster Physics
Sled Wars

1.2: Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems.

1.2.2: Understand how various factors affect energy transfers and that energy can be transformed from one form of energy to another.

1.2.2.a: Explain the transfer and transformations of energy within a system (e.g., conduction and convection of heat [thermal] energy).

2D Collisions
Conduction and Convection
Energy Conversion in a System
Heat Transfer by Conduction
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Radiation

1.2.6: Understand that specialized cells within multicellular organisms form different kinds of tissues, organs, and organ systems to carry out life functions.

1.2.6.a: Describe the life function of specialized cells or tissues (e.g., blood cells are different from bone cells; leaf tissues capture the energy from sunlight).

Cell Structure
Paramecium Homeostasis

1.2.6.b: Describe the life function of organs or organ systems (e.g., the stomach breaks down food and the intestines absorb food in the digestive system).

Circulatory System
Digestive System

1.2.7: Understand that organisms pass on genetic information in their life cycle and that an organism's characteristics are determined by both genetic and environmental influences.

1.2.7.b: Describe and compare sexual (two parents) and asexual (one parent) life cycles of plants and animals.

Pollination: Flower to Fruit

1.2.8: Understand human life functions and the interconnecting organ systems necessary to maintain human life.

1.2.8.a: Describe relationships among the organ systems of the human body (e.g., the role of the senses and the nervous system for human survival, the relationships between the digestive and excretory systems).

Circulatory System
Digestive System

1.2.8.b: Compare human body systems to another organism's body system (e.g., human lungs to plant leaves, human skeletal or circulatory systems to plant stems).

Circulatory System
Digestive System

1.3: Understand how interactions within and among systems cause changes in matter and energy.

1.3.7: Understand the effects of the regular and predictable motions of planets and moons in the Solar System.

1.3.7.a: Describe how the spin of Earth and other planets accounts for the length of a day on those planets.

Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun

1.3.7.b: Describe how Earth’s and other planets’ orbits around the Sun account for the length of a year on those planets.

Gravity Pitch