II: Content of Science

II.I: Understand the structure and properties of matter, the characteristics of energy, and the interactions between matter and energy.

II.I.I: Know the forms and properties of matter and how matter interacts.

II.I.I.1: Understand that substances have characteristic properties and identify the properties of various substances (e.g., density, boiling point, solubility, chemical reactivity).

Density Laboratory

II.I.I.2: Use properties to identify substances (e.g., for minerals: the hardness, streak, color, reactivity to acid, cleavage, fracture).

Mineral Identification

II.I.I.4: Know the differences between chemical and physical properties and how these properties can influence the interactions of matter.

Chemical Changes
Mineral Identification
Phases of Water

II.I.II: Explain the physical processes involved in the transfer, change, and conservation of energy.

II.I.II.1: Identify various types of energy (e.g., heat, light, mechanical, electrical, chemical, nuclear).

Energy Conversion in a System
Energy Conversions
Heat Absorption
Herschel Experiment - Metric
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Radiation

II.I.II.2: Understand that heat energy can be transferred through conduction, radiation and convection.

Conduction and Convection
Heat Absorption
Heat Transfer by Conduction
Herschel Experiment - Metric
Radiation

II.I.II.3: Know that there are many forms of energy transfer but that the total amount of energy is conserved (i.e., that energy is neither created nor destroyed).

Air Track
Energy Conversion in a System

II.I.II.4: Understand that some energy travels as waves (e.g., seismic, light, sound), including:

II.I.II.4.b: different wavelengths of sunlight (e.g., visible, ultraviolet, infrared)

Herschel Experiment - Metric
Radiation

II.I.II.4.c: vibrations of matter (e.g., sound, earthquakes)

Longitudinal Waves

II.I.II.4.d: different speeds through different materials.

Longitudinal Waves
Ripple Tank

II.I.III: Describe and explain forces that produce motion in objects.

II.I.III.2: Know that gravitational force is hard to detect unless one of the objects (e.g., Earth) has a lot of mass.

Weight and Mass

II.II: Understand the properties, structures, and processes of living things and the interdependence of living things and their environments.

II.II.I: Explain the diverse structures and functions of living things and the complex relationships between living things and their environments.

II.II.I.1: Understand how organisms interact with their physical environments to meet their needs (i.e., food, water, air) and how the water cycle is essential to most living systems.

Food Chain

II.III: Understand the structure of Earth, the solar system, and the universe, the interconnections among them, and the processes and interactions of Earth's systems.

II.III.I: Describe how the concepts of energy, matter, and force can be used to explain the observed behavior of the solar system, the universe, and their structures.

II.III.I.SS: Solar System

II.III.I.SS.3: Identify the components of the solar system, and describe their defining characteristics and motions in space, including:

II.III.I.SS.3.c: nine planets, their moons, asteroids.

Comparing Earth and Venus
Solar System

II.III.I.SS.4: Know that the regular and predictable motions of the Earth-moon-sun system explain phenomena on Earth, including:

II.III.I.SS.4.a: Earth’s motion in relation to a year, a day, the seasons, the phases of the moon, eclipses, tides, and shadows

2D Eclipse
3D Eclipse
Comparing Earth and Venus
Phases of the Moon
Seasons in 3D
Summer and Winter
Tides - Metric

II.III.I.SS.4.b: moon’s orbit around Earth once in 28 days in relation to the phases of the moon.

Phases of the Moon

II.III.II: Describe the structure of Earth and its atmosphere and explain how energy, matter, and forces shape Earth's systems.

II.III.II.SE: Structure of Earth

II.III.II.SE.2: Know that Earth’s crust is divided into plates that move very slowly, in response to movements in the mantle.

Plate Tectonics

II.III.II.SE.3: Know that sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks contain evidence of the materials, temperatures, and forces that created them.

Rock Cycle

II.III.II.WC: Weather and Climate

II.III.II.WC.5: Understand factors that create and influence weather and climate, including:

II.III.II.WC.5.a: heat, air movement, pressure, humidity, oceans

Coastal Winds and Clouds - Metric
Relative Humidity

II.III.II.WC.5.c: how weather patterns are related to atmospheric pressure

Weather Maps - Metric

II.III.II.WC.6: Understand how to use weather maps and data (e.g., barometric pressure, wind speeds, humidity) to predict weather.

Hurricane Motion - Metric
Weather Maps - Metric

II.III.II.CE: Changes to Earth

II.III.II.CE.7: Know that landforms are created and change through a combination of constructive and destructive forces, including:

II.III.II.CE.7.c: impact of volcanoes and faults on New Mexico geology.

Plate Tectonics