P-2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of force and motion and relationships between them.

P-2.1: Represent vector quantities (including displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force) and use vector addition.

Adding Vectors
Golf Range
Shoot the Monkey
Vectors

P-2.2: Apply formulas for velocity or speed and acceleration to one and two-dimensional problems.

Free-Fall Laboratory
Golf Range
Shoot the Monkey
Uniform Circular Motion

P-2.3: Interpret the velocity or speed and acceleration of one and two-dimensional motion on distance-time, velocity-time or speed-time, and acceleration-time graphs.

Distance-Time Graphs
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
Free-Fall Laboratory
Uniform Circular Motion

P-2.4: Interpret the resulting motion of objects by applying Newton?s three laws of motion: inertia; the relationship among net force, mass, and acceleration (using F = ma); and action and reaction forces.

Atwood Machine
Fan Cart Physics

P-2.5: Explain the factors that influence the dynamics of falling objects and projectiles.

Free-Fall Laboratory
Golf Range
Shoot the Monkey

P-2.6: Apply formulas for velocity and acceleration to solve problems related to projectile motion.

Golf Range
Shoot the Monkey

P-2.7: Use a free-body diagram to determine the net force and component forces acting upon an object.

Atwood Machine
Inclined Plane - Simple Machine
Pith Ball Lab

P-2.9: Explain how torque is affected by the magnitude, direction, and point of application of force.

Torque and Moment of Inertia

P-2.10: Explain the relationships among speed, velocity, acceleration, and force in rotational systems.

Torque and Moment of Inertia

P-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conservation, transfer, and transformation of mechanical energy.

P-3.1: Apply energy formulas to determine potential and kinetic energy and explain the transformation from one to the other.

Energy Conversion in a System
Energy of a Pendulum
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Roller Coaster Physics

P-3.2: Apply the law of conservation of energy to the transfer of mechanical energy through work.

Pulley Lab

P-3.4: Explain, both conceptually and quantitatively, the factors that influence periodic motion.

Pendulum Clock

P-3.5: Explain the factors involved in producing a change in momentum (including impulse and the law of conservation of momentum in both linear and rotary systems).

2D Collisions
Air Track

P-3.6: Compare elastic and inelastic collisions in terms of conservation laws.

2D Collisions
Air Track

P-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the properties of electricity and magnetism and the relationships between them.

P-4.4: Compare how current, voltage, and resistance are measured in a series and in a parallel electric circuit and identify the appropriate units of measurement.

Circuit Builder

P-4.5: Analyze the relationships among voltage, resistance, and current in a complex circuit by using Ohm?s law to calculate voltage, resistance, and current at each resistor, any branch, and the overall circuit.

Advanced Circuits
Circuits

P-4.7: Carry out calculations for electric power and electric energy for circuits.

Circuit Builder

P-4.8: Summarize the function of electrical safety components (including fuses, surge protectors, and breakers).

Advanced Circuits

P-4.9: Explain the effects of magnetic forces on the production of electrical currents and on current carrying wires and moving charges.

Electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic Induction

P-4.10: Distinguish between the function of motors and generators on the basis of the use of electricity and magnetism by each.

Electromagnetic Induction

P-4.11: Predict the cost of operating an electrical device by determining the amount of electrical power and electrical energy in the circuit.

Circuit Builder

P-5: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the properties and behaviors of mechanical and electromagnetic waves.

P-5.1: Analyze the relationships among the properties of waves (including energy, frequency, amplitude, wavelength, period, phase, and speed).

Ripple Tank

P-5.2: Compare the properties of electromagnetic and mechanical waves.

Longitudinal Waves
Refraction
Ripple Tank
Sound Beats and Sine Waves

P-5.3: Analyze wave behaviors (including reflection, refraction, diffraction, and constructive and destructive interference).

Basic Prism
Longitudinal Waves
Refraction
Ripple Tank
Sound Beats and Sine Waves

P-5.5: Illustrate the interaction of light waves with optical lenses and mirrors by using Snell?s law and ray diagrams.

Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Ray Tracing (Mirrors)

P-6: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the properties and behaviors of sound.

P-6.1: Summarize the production of sound and its speed and transmission through various media.

Longitudinal Waves

P-6.2: Explain how frequency and intensity affect the parts of the sonic spectrum.

Longitudinal Waves

P-7: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the properties and behaviors of light and optics.

P-7.1: Explain the particulate nature of light as evidenced in the photoelectric effect.

Photoelectric Effect

P-7.6: Summarize the production of continuous, emission, or absorption spectra.

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Star Spectra

P-8: The student will demonstrate an understanding of nuclear physics and modern physics.

P-8.3: Predict the resulting isotope of a given alpha, beta, or gamma emission.

Nuclear Decay

P-8.4: Apply appropriate procedures to balance nuclear equations (including fusion, fission, alpha decay, beta decay, and electron capture).

Nuclear Decay

P-9: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of fluid mechanics.

P-9.3: Explain the factors that affect buoyancy.

Archimedes' Principle
Density Laboratory
Determining Density via Water Displacement

P-10: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of thermodynamics.

P-10.1: Summarize the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

Energy Conversion in a System

P-10.5: Differentiate heat and temperature in terms of molecular motion.

Temperature and Particle Motion

P-10.6: Summarize the concepts involved in phase change.

Phase Changes

P-10.7: Apply the concepts of heat capacity, specific heat, and heat exchange to solve calorimetry problems.

Calorimetry Lab
Energy Conversion in a System