Chemistry

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    Mystery Powder Analysis

    Perform multiple experiments using several common powders such as corn starch, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and gelatin. The results … of the research on the known powders can then be used to analyze several unknowns using the scientific method. The unknowns can be a single powder or a combination of the known powders.

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    Identifying Nutrients

    Use a variety of real-world lab tests to analyze common food samples in order to determine if the food is a carbohydrate, a protein, or … a lipid. Tests that can be performed include: Benedict, Lugol, Biuret, and Sudan Red.

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    Element Builder

    Use protons, neutrons, and electrons to build elements. As the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons changes, information such as … the name and symbol of the element, the Z, N, and A numbers, the electron dot diagram, and the group and period from the periodic table are shown. Each element is classified as a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal, and its state at room temperature is also given.

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    Ionic Bonds

    Simulate ionic bonds between a variety of metals and nonmetals. Select a metal and a nonmetal atom, and transfer electrons from one to … the other. Observe the effect of gaining and losing electrons on charge, and rearrange the atoms to represent the molecular structure. Additional metal and nonmetal atoms can be added to the screen, and the resulting chemical formula can be displayed.

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    Covalent Bonds

    Choose a substance, and then move electrons between atoms to form covalent bonds and build molecules. Observe the orbits of shared … electrons in single, double, and triple covalent bonds. Compare the completed molecules to the corresponding Lewis diagrams.

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    Balancing Chemical Equations

    Attempt to balance specific types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement. … While balancing the reactions, the number of atoms on each side is presented as visual, histogram, and numerical data.

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    Chemical Equations

    Practice balancing chemical equations by changing the coefficients of reactants and products. As the equation is manipulated, the amount … of each element is shown as individual atoms, histograms, or numerically. Molar masses of reactants and products can also be calculated and balanced to demonstrate conservation of mass.

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    Collision Theory

    Observe a chemical reaction with and without a catalyst. Determine the effect of concentration, temperature, surface area, and catalysts … on reaction rate. Reactant and product concentrations through time are recorded, and the speed of the simulation is controlled by the user.

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    Limiting Reactants

    Explore the concept of limiting reactants, non-limiting reactants, and theoretical yield in a chemical reaction. Select from two … different reactions, choose the number of molecules for the reactants, and then observe the products created and reactants left over.

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    Phase Changes

    Explore the relationship between molecular motion, temperature, and phase changes. Compare the molecular structure of solids, liquids, … and gases. Graph temperature changes as ice is melted and water is boiled. Find the effect of altitude on phase changes. The starting temperature, ice volume, altitude, and rate of heating or cooling can be adjusted.

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    Temperature and Particle Motion

    Observe the movement of particles of an ideal gas at a variety of temperatures. A histogram showing the Maxwell-Boltzmann … velocity distribution is shown, and the most probable velocity, mean velocity, and root mean square velocity can be calculated. Molecules of different gases can be compared.

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    pH Analysis

    Test the acidity of common substances using pH paper. Materials including soap, lemon juice, milk, and oven cleaner can be tested by … comparing the color of pH strips to a standard scale.

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    pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

    Test the acidity of many common everyday substances using pH paper (four color indicators). Materials including soap, lemon juice, milk, … and oven cleaner can be tested by comparing the color of the pH strips to the calibrated scale.

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    Half-life

    Investigate the decay of a radioactive substance. The half-life and the number of radioactive atoms can be adjusted, and theoretical or … random decay can be observed. Data can be interpreted visually using a dynamic graph, a bar chart, and a table. Determine the half-lives of two sample isotopes as well as samples with randomly generated half-lives.

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